Your Backtest Is Lying to You: Here’s Why

Backtesting is crucial in developing quantitative trading strategies, offering a data-driven way to validate ideas and evaluate performance under historical market conditions. However, many underestimate the complexity of replicating real execution, often ignoring impacts like slippage, bid-ask spread, and trading costs. These omissions can inflate performance metrics and reduce robustness when moving from simulation to … Read more

Why Autonomous Agents Need Structural Context

I recall some basic principles regarding the relationship between a Layer 1 blockchain and a Layer 2 rollup. And I take Arbitrum as a precise example because it is a case at Invarians that I use very frequently for demonstration. Arbitrum certifies the finality of its transactions on Ethereum, a Layer 1 blockchain.