How Transaction Order Finality Drives Blockchain State in Layer 2 Systems

Table of Links Abstract and 1. Introduction Key Concepts 2.1 Append-Only Log and 2.2 Virtual Machine State 2.3 Transactions As Curried Functions 2.4 Natural Names of State 2.5 Ground Truth 2.6 Efficient Representations of State 2.7 Checkpoints 2.8 Execution Parameters: callData 2.9 Execution Ordering 2.10 Deciding on the Correct State Ideal Layer 2 Design 3.1 … Read more

Less than a month left to claim your brand’s spotlight at TechCrunch Sessions: AI with an exhibit table

TechCrunch Sessions: AI is right around the corner — and the deadline to reserve your exhibit table is nearly gone. If you’ve got an AI innovation worth shouting about, now’s your moment. Don’t sit on the sidelines while others take the spotlight. Put your product where it belongs — in front of the leaders and … Read more

Bolt’s Ryan Breslow pins his hopes on a new app that takes on Coinbase, Zelle, and PayPal

Ryan Breslow is officially back. While the founder of one-click checkout company Bolt re-assumed its helm as CEO in March, Breslow is unveiling Wednesday a new “superapp” that he hopes will formally mark his return as the fintech’s leader. He describes the new product as “one-click crypto and everyday payments” in a single platform, in … Read more

A first look at Microsoft’s new Xbox Copilot

Microsoft has started testing an early version of its Copilot for Gaming experience. Sources familiar with Microsoft’s Xbox plans tell me that employees can now access Copilot within the Xbox mobile app, and that while it looks similar to the existing Copilot chatbot, it’s designed to tap into your Xbox account. Announced last month, Copilot … Read more

Real estate fintech Janover doubles Solana holdings with $10.5M buy

Real estate-focused financial technology firm Janover has acquired 80,567 Solana tokens for roughly $10.5 million. According to an April 15 announcement, with its latest purchase, Janover’s Solana (SOL) holdings reached 163,651.7 — worth about $21.2 million, including staking rewards. With this investment, the amount of Solana per each of the 1.5 million shares reached 0.11 … Read more

TechCrunch All Stage: Full agenda revealed

The ultimate founder summit returns — now bigger than ever! Formerly TechCrunch Early Stage, TC All Stage is bringing together founders and VCs from every stage, not just early stage. We’re thrilled to unveil the full breakout session lineup at TC All Stage. Packed with scaling pioneers and top-tier VCs, these sessions are designed for … Read more

Capsule captures $12M to build the next version of its AI video editor for brands

Capsule is upgrading its AI-powered video editing assistant for marketing, sales, and media teams following the close of a $12 million round of Series A funding, the company announced on Wednesday. The upgraded editor will include new features like AI suggestions and support for real-time collaboration. The new version of its studio software will feature … Read more

Ethereum L2 development is ‘double-edged sword’ for ETH value

Ethereum’s push toward layer-2 (L2) blockchain scalability may be a double-edged sword for Ether, potentially weakening the value accrual of the world’s second-largest cryptocurrency, according to a new report from Binance Research. The report suggests that Ethereum’s L2 blockchain networks — built to improve mainnet scalability and lower transaction costs — may be cannibalistic of … Read more

UFC boss Dana White becomes VeChain adviser to push blockchain mainstream

VeChain, a layer-1 blockchain platform focused on real-world applications, has added Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) CEO Dana White as its newest official adviser to raise more mainstream awareness of blockchain technology. White, also the founder of Power Slap, will join VeChain’s advisory board next to Nobel Prize-winning physicist Konstantin Novoselov to drive real-world blockchain adoption … Read more

Subaru debuts Trailseeker, an all-electric SUV coming for Rivian’s outdoorsy EV customer base

Subaru is back with a new EV, and like its predecessor the Solterra, the all-electric Trailseeker SUV includes a bit of Toyota handiwork. Subaru of America revealed the 2026 Trailseeker SUV on Wednesday at the New York International Auto Show. The EV, the second in the Japanese automaker’s portfolio, looks familiar in a hey-that-looks-like-a-Subaru sort … Read more

Spotify is down

Spotify is down according to widespread user reports across the US and Europe, with issues preventing the platform from loading or streaming music. At 8:45AM ET on Wednesday morning, the Spotify Status account on X said it was “aware of some issues” affecting the service right now, and is currently “checking them out.” While most … Read more

What is a VTuber, and how do you become one in 2025?

Key takeaways A Vtuber is a real person behind a digital avatar, blending performance, storytelling, and creativity to connect with audiences through livestreams, games, podcasts, and more. Becoming a VTuber involves designing a unique avatar (2D or 3D), using motion capture for animation, and leveraging software tools like Live2D, VSeeFace, and AI voice modifiers. In … Read more

CoinDesk 20 Performance Update: AVAX Falls 2.1% as Nearly All Assets Trade Lower

CoinDesk Indices presents its daily market update, highlighting the performance of leaders and laggards in the CoinDesk 20 Index. The CoinDesk 20 is currently trading at 2428.16, down 1.0% (-25.41) since 4 p.m. ET on Tuesday. One of 20 assets is trading higher. Leaders: AAVE (+0.2%) and BTC (-0.1%). Laggards: AVAX (-2.1%) and BCH (-2.1%). … Read more

AMD estimates $800M charge on US license requirement for AI chips

AMD says that the U.S. government’s license control requirement for exporting AI chips to China and certain other countries may impact its earnings materially. If AMD doesn’t successfully obtain a license, the company could be on the hook for roughly $800 million in inventory, purchase commitments, and related reserves charges, it said in a filing … Read more